Leadership In Contemporary Organisations Management Essay

Leadership In Contemporary Organisations Management Essay Leadership is considered to be the key enabler of organisational performance and competitive advantage by the organisations these days (Burgoyne, 2008). The job of a leader is to lead his/her team to achieve the goal set by the organisation. James MacGregor Burns argues that leadership is one phenomenon on earth that is most observed and least understood (Paul, 2002). The views about a leader and the definition of leadership vary among different people. Daniel Goleman (2000) says that an effective leader sets strategy, creates a mission, motivates his followers and finally builds a culture in the organisation. Ken Wilber argues that an integral leader is a man or woman who supports people aspiring to move forward. They have to make their own integral map that covers all the area that humans have to deal with (Volckmann, 2005). The concepts of leadership have been developed years ago though the word is reported to have appeared in English language recently. An effective business leader is one who is well informed of the latest research which impacts upon leadership and who is also capable of applying this to their own organisation with in an ethical framework. I personally agree with this statement as it is important for the leader to move along with the changing organisational conditions. He should be updated with the latest trends in the organisation in order to effectively lead his followers. Further part of the essay will explore the research that supports my argument. PHASES OF RESEARCH ON LEADERSHIP As mentioned, the concepts of leadership, leader and the follower has emerged years and years ago. Even Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristofle have written about leadership in the period between 400 and 300 B.C. As years progressed, the focus on leadership research has undergone a dramatic change. In the earlier years, leadership research focussed on differentiating leaders and non-leaders by identifying their traits. It then focussed on the behaviour of the leaders and in the later phase focus was on the importance of situational factors, thus giving birth to the contingency approach (Paul, Costley, Howell Dorfman, 2002). The contingency approach, when compared to the previous two phases of research, is more theoretical and hence denies the notion of effective leadership traits and behaviour. Today, in modern leadership, Charisma has become a major underlining concept and the term has different meanings that overlap. The word charisma has been used to represent different conce pts through out the phases of leadership. In a business leader perspective, it is the personal quality of a leader to gain the attention of a group of individuals. EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP AND LEADERSHIP RESEARCHES An effective leadership requires a combination of cognitive, behavioural and personality factors (Kets De Vries, 2002) and it is necessary for him or her to keep learning. It is important to see the relationship between the leadership style of a leader and the context in which they operate. The range of behaviours of a leader is categorised as goal oriented, involving and engaging. The goal oriented leader sets a direction and plays a significant role in directing the followers to achieve the goal. The next two categories, involving and engaging are less leader-centric. From a study conducted in ten organisations, it is reported that, a leader-centric and directive style is found to be inappropriate in a changing organisation context but are common and dominant in a straight forward context. Many behaviourists stated that the leader can change his style according to the organisational strategy but Fiedler (1964) came up with the contingency theory and disagreed to it. There can be le aders who are task motivated while others are relationship motivated. There is even socio-independent leaders who are neither task nor relationship motivated (Dulewicz Higgs, 2005). This implies that the leader should choose the situation that better match his/her leadership style and avoid situation that is against their style. After a few years, House developed the path goal theory and argues that leaders behaviour can be adjusted to adapt to contingencies and thus find a suitable style for a particular situation (House, 1999). The basic idea of this theory is to support the subordinates and help them to achieve their own goals as well as the goals of the organisation. Four kind of leadership styles have been proposed in this theory: Directive, Supportive, Participative, Achievement-Oriented leadership. An effective leader is the one who knows which style is to be adopted and when (Silverthorne, 2001). Directive leaders tell their subordinates, what is expected from them and give the guidance by enforcing certain rules to fulfil those expectations. Supportive leaders would be friendlier and gives attention to the needs of their subordinates. The participative leaders lead their subordinates by involving them in making decisions and finally the achievement-oriented leaders set high standards and will be con fident on their subordinates in achieving these standards. According to the path goal theory, it depends on the nature of task for the leaders to decide upon which style to adopt and hence according to the requirement, the leader should be task oriented or relationship oriented (Silverthorne, 2001). If the nature of work is unclear, then the leader should be task oriented by giving proper direction and guidance. As the knowledge and practice of leadership change with time, many researches mention about the transformation of leadership. Earlier, the businesses tried to keep up with their rivals in the competition but today, the intentions have changed and they try to blast their competitors out. As far as business leaders are concerned, they would be left behind if they dont accommodate themselves to these changes. John Ralph, the deputy chairman of a leading Australian management company has expressed his views on transformation in leadership style while speaking about the changing culture of the organisation as, leaders should encourage their followers instead of commanding and should act as a coach rather than bosses. Ray Smith, Chief Executive Officer of Bell Atlantic expressed his vision of new leadership style emerging in the United States as a moral commitment where the leaders and employees should work as partners in achieving the goals of their organisations (Sarros Santora, 2001). Trust on the employees is most important in this. Lot of researches establish the validity of the concept, transformational leadership which brings change and movement in the organisation. Many researchers define transformational leadership as one that motivates people to create change, by distinguishing it with transactional leadership that uses the power and authority that exists in the organisation. Transformational style is denoted as leader of innovation and transactional style as manager of planning and policy (King, 1994). Transactional style depends on the current structure in the organisation while transformational style creates new pathways (Mink, 1992). An effective transformational leader should have a clear sense of goals to guide their organisation in to new directions (Burns, 1978). They should have the capability to foresee the change to a long term. The interaction among the people in an organisation and the flow of information gives rise to the need for change in the organisation. A fresh look at trends and feedbac k from frontline people becomes the catalyst for change (Herrington, Bonem Furr, 2000). Transformational leadership also influences the culture of the organisation. If the culture of the organisation itself is cultural, then the growth of individual and the organisation becomes more effective (Bass Avolio, 1993). The cultures of people in and beyond the organisation are also influenced by this. However, transformational leadership have potential dangers associated with it if the leader doesnt rely on a strong ethical and moral foundation as the danger lies in the leader-follower interactions. Such kind of behaviour is defined as pseudo-transformational leadership. From the year 1999 to 2004, there has been a considerable increase in the research on servant leadership as a result of emergence of certain servant leadership models developed by several researchers. Trust is a common factor in all the research conducted on servant leadership. Servant leaders generate and sustain trust through their communicative and supportive behaviour (Tschannen-Moran Hoy, 1998). Servant leadership begins with a natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first and then conscious choice brings them to aspire to lead, who is sharply different from one who is leader right from the beginning. Listening and understanding, imagination, acceptance and empathy, intuition, foresight, the ability to persuade, healing and serving, the ability to build community etc are some of the other attributes of a servant leader (Greenleaf,1997). It not only builds the trust between the leaders and the followers but also among the followers themselves and is thus established as an important variable in the development and maintenance of organisational trust (Joseph Winston, 2005). Studies indicate that servant leadership has the potential to improve the organisational satisfaction, productivity, safety practices and financial performance. There are numerous researches being conducted on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Both are at times linked to each other as the employees become less committed to the organisation if they are dissatisfied with their job. Many researchers came up with a suggestion that leadership and organisational culture has great impact on both job satisfaction and commitment. Employees job performance, behaviour and expectations vary with the nation they belong to, and the way organisations are managed reflects the national culture. There are significant differences between the way firms in east and west are managed as a result of difference in national culture. Goal setting, performing the task and decision making are directly influenced by the culture of the organisation. The researchers on organisational culture has come up with different types of organisational culture but the people working in an organisation have their own values, beliefs and attitudes which are part of their national culture. Depending on those values and beliefs the organisation can have a bureaucratic, innovative or a supportive culture. Most eastern organisations have a bureaucratic culture while western organisations have innovative and supportive culture. Leadership plays a major role in the success and failure of an organisation. The relations between leadership and performance of an employee have been explored in various researches. The attributes of transformational leadership such as empowerment and clear vision can bring greater satisfaction to the employees in their job and this leadership style works well with western organisations. The leadership in eastern organisations are based on seniority, position and authority and the leader can gain commitment of the employ by their personal relationship. There have been only a few researches done on the leadership in organisations having two or more cultures also called as multicultural organisations. In a study conducted in an organisation with Australian and non Australian workforce, it was indicated that both the work groups wanted different transactional and transformational behaviours from their Australian supervisors. Hofstede came up with four dimensions of cultural values in h is research. They are power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/feminity. Out of the four dimensions, Hofstede states that power distance and individualism/ collectivism are the most relevant ones and these dimensions were applied in the organisation where the study was conducted (Lok Crawford, 2003). An effective business leader has to be aware of the researches on the organisational culture as he is directly linked to the success of organisation and if unaware, the whole organisation can fail due to his/her actions. Team building is an activity that a leader must concentrate on to continue to be effective in his/her operations. The leaders will have to modify their leadership style according to the changing needs of employees and also the organisational change. All the books and research papers on team building clearly differentiate groups and teams. Managers seem content with group performance while leaders always lead teams which are more productive and bring improved profit to the company. Team centred leaders are visionary and they inspire team work and mutual support. Effective leaders should have the ability to get their team members involved and committed. They communicate openly and mediate conflicts before it turns destructive (Maddux Wingfield, 2003). EFFECTIVE LEADERS ACT IN ETHICAL FRAMEWORK It is the nature of most human being to enter corruption when they gain power and control, or in other sense people tend to misuse the power they have. This possibly becomes the negative side or unethical side of leadership. In transformational leadership, charismatic leaders may develop lot of enthusiastic and honest followers who will even fail to notice the negative traits of their leader (Stone, Russell Patterson, 2003). Power with in a leader even tends to create politics in the organisation which can be called as the darker side of leadership and can weaken the leader member relationship. Organisational politics leads people to become reluctant in assisting their co-workers and hence there will be a decline in the organisational commitment. These are the times when personal interest of the leader gets dominant and they may even manipulate conflicts in order to achieve self goals instead of organisational goals (McGinley, 2009). As viewed by Rost, ethical framework of leadershi p must make individual leaders and followers accountable to their ethical responsibilities as human beings (Rost, 1993). An effective leader is the one who is aware of how and where to use the power of his/her position or personal power. Using positional or personal power in the organisation with out hampering the organisational ethics and thus maintaining a strong relationship with followers is the quality that leaders should possess to make their organisation more productive. CONCLUSION The essay has described about the evolution of leadership and the various researches conducted on it. The role of an effective leader in most of the leadership approaches have also been explored in the essay. Its been argued that learning latest studies on leadership keep leaders away from work due to information overload. But considering the changing organisational culture and change in the needs of people, it can be suggested that the leader should always keep in track with the researches. Leaders face challenge in applying the latest studies among their followers in the organisation. Effective leaders explore these studies only by following the organisational ethics, morals and leadership principles. The outcomes of unethical approach to leadership studies have also been described in the essay. It is said that negative traits of charismatic leaders are overlooked by their followers and hence they are utilised by the leaders to achieve personal goals. But this always results in wea k leader member relations and reduced organisational commitment. From this essay, it can be concluded that leaders should keep themselves updated about the researches and also should act according to the ethics and principles to make their operations more effective and thus improve the productivity of their organisation.

Customer Service Essay

Introduction: â€Å"The customer is always right† is a famous business slogan. The underlying truth behind this statement is recognizing that customers are the life blood for any business. Understanding the importance of good customer service is essential for a healthy business in creating new customers, keeping loyal customers, and developing referrals for future customers Important of Customer Service: Customer service is important because customer service does more than simply provide a means to drive sales. It is also said that when companies have a commitment to a customer service this raises the bar of competition. There are following tip for good customer services.  Excellent customer service begins at the initial greeting. In this situations, using good people skills will increase the chances for a positive first impression. For example, saying hello with a smile to a customer who just walked in the door will invite that person in and make them feel welcome. Acknowledge the customer within a minute of them entering the premises, no matter how busy you are. This immediately helps make the customer feel welcome and at ease. Make eye contact with the customer. This makes both you and the customer feel more comfortable with each other. Finally, In terms of the general ambience, make sure premises are kept at an adequate temperature. Make sure don’t skimp on heating in th e winter, and in the summer if it’s too hot install cooling systems. This doesn’t have to cost a fortune but can make a big difference to the environment your customers enter. Too hot or too cold, and your customers will turn straight round and leave. Key point to Friendly Service:- Smile Talk to customer whenever possible Show to regular customers that you recognise them Use the steps below as guide but, above all, be yourself 1.Promptly welcome the Guest 2.Take the order clearly 3.Collect the payment accurately 4.Assemble the order completely 5.Deliver the order politely. Conclusion: You need to give support and guidance to your team to encourage them to improve their customer service delivery. It is about having a passion for customer service and sharing this enthusiasm with your colleagues and staff team. It is about leading by example. Lead a team to improve customer service 1.Be able to plan and organise the work of a team 2.Be able to provide support for team members 3.Be able to review performance of team members 4.Understand how to lead a team to improve customer service Be able to plan and organise the work of a team 1.Treat team members with respect at all times 2.Agree with team members your role in delivering effective customer service 3.Involve team members in planning and organising your customer service work 4.Motivate team members to work together to raise their customer service performance Be able to provide support for team members. 1.Check that team members understand what they have to do to improve their work with customers and why that is important 2.Check with team members what support they feel they may need throughout this process 3.Provide team members with support and direction when they need help 4.Encourage team members to work together to improve customer service

Esr Class Presentation †Week V

ESR Class Presentation – Week V ( September 12& 13 2011) 1. Cases for Discussion (David J. Fritzsche): * It’s Your Turn (page 109) * Kader Industrial (Thailand) Company- Case 10 (page 182) * Muebles Fino Buenos- Case 11 (page 184) 2. â€Å"It’s Your Turn† – Please answer the question in the last line using the following ethical frameworks: (a) Categorical Imperative; (b) Rule Utilitarian; (c) Veil of Ignorance; and (d) Act Utilitarianism. * Categorical Imperative: If you have a contract with another party, fulfill this contract. No matter what.Especially if the other party is counting on you, because they should go bankrupt. Humanity: Fulfill your contract, moral duty. * Rule Utilitarianism: Follow through with your contract. Don’t abandon people/companies with who you have agreed to help/work with. * Veil of Ignorance: You have limited amount of resources, so you have to make the choice for one of the 2 clients. Keep producing for the old cl ient, but use the rest of your capacity to start producing for the new big one. What if The domestic customer only signs the contract if you can produce everything in the first month. hose for domestic one, 2 happy vs. 1 bad * Act Utilitarianism: More positives vs. best negatives. Ok you make one party really unhappy, but still this is the most good for the most peoples. 3. Case 10: Only Questions 4, 5, 7 & 8. * 4: Lock the doors, no safety regulations or fire escapes. Cloth close to electrical transformer. No alarms. If you lock doors, make sure that you can open them really fast at all times. Building disintegrated quickly (poor construction, steel beams) * 7: Business aimed, only profit matters†¦. Don’t look at the people as humans, but use them as machines.They even asked their workers to keep working while there was a small fire. Maybe even hostile, locking doors etc. * 5: Legal: Board, managers†¦ should have safety regulations. Government, Safety and health or ganization in Thailand (from government). Moral: * 8: Only sign contract if you know that the working conditions are ok, that there are safety regulations etc. company should at least follow the country regulations for safety codes, building rules etc. , if you ask more of the company, they won’t be able to give you the cheap labor. ut point in the middle Class†¦ where would you put the line, what are the moral/social obligations for the customers before signing any contracts? 4. Case 11: Only Questions 3, 4, 6, and 7. * 3: They didn’t follow all the environmental rules of the state. Unhealthy for the employees to work there. Just switching countries because they didn’t want to invest in the machines/other processing methods and to evade the fines. So fire a lot of people to get new employees at 1/8 of the costs. Is this even outsourcing? Or really moving your whole company somewhere else. * 4: Pollution vs. working conditions.A lot of pollution vs. good pa id jobs. As long as there are good safety regulations and compensations for health. * 6: Egoism view: YES 😉 because you make more profits and you don’t care about the pollution. But†¦ you pay your employees less than in California, so you can invest a bit more in environmental issues. Deontology (don’t do to anybody else what you don’t want them to do to you): Stay in America and fix your pollution problems, because you don’t want to get fined and you don’t want your employees to get ill. * 7: Make sure they follow the standards and make sure that you have quit high environmental standards.But a lot of corruption in Mexico so make sure the companies follow your standards by controlling them yourself. Because a lot of American companies will go to Mexico (because of rising environmental standards in US) build some parks and green zones to help the people who live there to be able to live healthy, outside all the pollution. 5. Assume tha t stung by charges re the happenings of Foxcon in China, Apple Inc. has asked you to draft a memo on the subject of an ISO standard to be applied to high-tech contract manufacturers of high-end electronic items.Restrict yourself to 6 standards and explain your choice. 6. The Medical Council of Singapore has asked you to draft 3 ethics principles relating to the outsourcing of medical work to India. Please identify what, in your opinion, are the three most important principles and explain the purpose behind your choice and the specific content of such principles. Firms Find a Haven From U. S. Environmental Rules : Commerce: Hundreds of companies set up shop in Mexico, where regulation is less strict and wages are low. THE FREE-TRADE DILEMMA: The environmental costs of a U. S. Mexico pact. Third in a four-part series. Next: How will free trade affect El Paso's smoggy skies? November 19, 1991|JUDY PASTERNAK  |  TIMES STAFF WRITER â€Å"We are rewriting history here. It was only re cently that anyone here started to care about the environment. It will take time. † The backlog troubles EPA officials who deal regularly with SEDUE. Said one, who spoke on the condition of anonymity: â€Å"This is a situation where the economic activity has gotten way ahead of the regulatory activity. † * http://articles. latimes. com/1991-11-19/news/mn-70_1_environmental-rules/4

Barbie the Teenage Fashion Doll Essay examples - 1212 Words

The idea of Barbie came about when a woman named Ruth Handler was watching her daughter play with dolls. In the 1950’s, girls of all ages only had paper or cardboard dolls to play with and preferred to play with cut outs of teenagers and adult dolls. So, Ruth Handler thought to make The Teenage Fashion Doll for older girls, as a three dimensional doll, called Barbie, named after her daughter Barbara (Heppermann 2010). However, Mrs. Handler met resistance when she went to her husband with the idea, and he didn’t think her idea would work out. When they travelled to Germany, she found a doll called Bild Lilli. This doll was a strong-minded individual that would use all at her disposal to get what she wanted. Bild Lilli was†¦show more content†¦Young girls usually use the dolls to play house or dress-up. Sometimes when there is an accompanying set, there are simple instructions given for example, if the Barbie doll came with the Glam Fashion Jet, it would b e accompanied with instructions of how to use each part of the jet. Moreover, Barbies are very durable and depending on how well they are maintained, they can become family heirlooms and be passed on from generation to generation. Often, depending on the age of the child, the Barbie may be altered either by the cutting of her hair or the changing of her clothes. Yet, due to the fact that Barbie is a lifestyle toy, children are encouraged to continue these alterations to promote creative thought. Therefore overall, Barbies can last indefinitely with proper care or be short-lived if they are not well taken care of. Barbie’s popularity spread like wildfire, leading to her being used as a platform to immortalize popular figures by way of making special editions figures of them. For instance, America’s First Lady in the 60s, Jackie Kennedy was one of the first muses and hence set precedence for future icons. This also extends to many designers such as Christian Louboutin, Vera Wang, and Alexander McQueen who have collaborated with Mattel to celebrate Barbie’s 50TH anniversary, in 2009 (Parker, 2008). This form of branding provides notoriety for both the inspirational figure and his work and for the toy as well. This is no small feat forShow MoreRelatedBarbie Dolls On Young Children Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesMattel: Influences of Barbie dolls on young children Mattel is considered one of the most leading industry when it comes to the invention of toys and video games. Mattel is also a leading brand company that researches and develops new toys and then buys or license them from inventors. But what exactly are they doing to convince us consumers to buy their products? For the past decades now, Barbie dolls mainly created by Mattel have grown tremendously and have made a huge impact to children’s livesRead MoreEssay on Informative Speech - Barbie940 Words   |  4 PagesOutline To inform the audience about Barbie Doll March 27, 2014 I. Introduction: A. She has had more than 80 careers in her lifetime, from a Rock Star to a paleontologist, to a Presidential candidate. Many of you in this room have probably either purchased or owned one†¦she is Barbie!! B. With her good looks, charm, and charisma, she won audiences over in record time. C. Preview of Main Points: 1. First, I will discuss the Origination of Barbie. 2. Second, I will discuss her growingRead More Barbie Essays1716 Words   |  7 PagesBarbie Since the beginning of time, toys have often been an indicator of the way a society behaves, and how they interact with their children. For example, in ancient Greece, artifacts recovered there testify that children were simply not given toys to play with as in the modern world. The cruel ritual of leaving a sick child on a hillside for dead, seems to indicate a lack of attention to the young (Lord 16). The same is true of today’s society. As you can see with the number of toy storesRead MoreBarbie And The Barbie Doll1006 Words   |  5 Pageslays, Barbie. You might be wondering who this Barbie person is. I am not talking about a real person. I am talking about Barbie, the doll. B. Girls all around the world grew up playing with a Barbie doll. When first released she was a plastic, white skinned, thin, long legged teenage girl. She wore a tiny black and white stripped bathing suit with a pair of sunglasses sitting upon her head on top of her blonde colored hair. C. The whole philosophy of Barbie was that through the Barbie doll littleRead MoreBarbie vs. Bratz Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesBADM 372: Advertising Case 2: Barbie vs. Bratz 1. Provide an analysis of the Mattel Barbie brand. What factors shape perceptions of the brand in the eyes of parents and young girls? Barbie was billed as â€Å"a shapely teenage fashion model,† and made her first appearance at the American Toy Fair in New York City and soon became a hit. (http://www.brandchannel.com/features_profile.asp?pr_id=160) Barbie was then and still is a popular doll for young girls. In the beginning she was popular becauseRead MoreBarbie Doll Fantasy Exposed in Marge Piercy’s Barbie Doll Essay example1607 Words   |  7 Pages Is Barbie the model woman? For generations girls have played with this doll and many have aspired to be just like her: the party girl, career women and the beauty queen all wrapped into one. In Marge Piercy’s poem entitled â€Å"Barbie Doll† the title foreshadows the theme of the poem which is that girls are ultimately and fatally entrapped by society’s narrow definitions of femini ne behavior and beauty. When Piercy compares the young lady in the poem to a Barbie doll she is revealingRead MoreMattel s Iconic And Best Selling Brand924 Words   |  4 Pages Mattel’s iconic and best-selling brand is The Barbie. Introduced in 1959 as â€Å"The Teenage Fashion Model,† Barbie allowed girls to experience fashion and to explore various dreams, fantasies and aspirations without ever leaving home. Because of the introduction of the television in the 1950 s, companies discovered a new consumer audience among children and teenagers. The post-war era saw a strong economy advancing the middle class suburban families. Now, buying toys became a year round businessRead More The Creation of Barbie as an American Icon Essay examples2452 Words   |  10 PagesThe Creation of Barbie as an American Icon Barbie, at the age of 41, is one of the longest living toys in America. Analyzing her early history can give a person a look into the societal trends and culture of the late 1950s and early 1960s. There is evidence of fashion innovations in Barbies wardrobe. Also, one can see the perception of females by society, such as what they should look like, how they should act and dress, as well as what their future goals could be. The following essay followsRead MoreThe Between Media And Body Image1348 Words   |  6 Pagessociety. Reading of the fashion magazines that women use these magazines for information about how to be thin and beautiful that should be influencing Females’ dieting behaviors. Everyday teenage girls and women are victim with a narrow definition of beauty, which is only limited in physical appearance. In addition, it is influenced by mass media. The Barbie doll is one of the advertisement of mass media, which also effect on the young girls to binge eating their food. Barbie is very famous femaleRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Blonde Barbie Doll1725 Words   |  7 Pages Initially, the blonde Barbie doll received a disappointing lukewarm reception from the market because most mothers wished their young girls to remain a little younger without jumping to the teenage Barbie overnight. However, Mattel had a masterpiece plan in promoting the toys through the television and mainly children’s TV. In the late 1950’s, most homes in America had television and children’s program had become a regular part of the programming. Subsequently, the Mattel advertisers managed to

Formula Booklet Physics 11th - 9695 Words

Call 1600-111-533 (toll-free) for info. Formula Booklet – Physics XI Dear students Most students tend to take it easy after the board examinations of Class X. The summer vacations immediately after Class X are a great opportunity for the students to race ahead of other students in the competitive world of IITJEE, where less than 2% students get selected every year for the prestigious institutes. Some students get governed completely by the emphasis laid by the teachers of the school in which they are studying. Since, the objective of the teachers in the schools rarely is to equip the student with the techniques reqired to crack IITJEE, most of the students tend to take it easy in Class XI. Class XI does not even have the pressure of†¦show more content†¦Ph: 55270275, 55278916 E-16/289, Sector 8, Rohini, Delhi – 85, Ph: 55395439, 30911585 4 Call 1600-111-533 (toll-free) for info. (1) Formula Booklet – Physics XI (a) (b) (c) F12 = − F12 m F = F21 M+m F Acceleration: a = M+m → → M (2) m F21 Fig. 1 F FR 2 = ; m I = mG g GM → → Contact force: F12 = F12 F (xvi) Inertial mass: mI = F/a (xvii) Gravitational mass: mG = → (xviii) Non inertial frame: If a 0 be the acceleration of frame, then pseudo force F = − m a 0 Example:Show MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . 441 The Budgeting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Budgeting Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Line-Item Budgeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 Formula Budgeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 Program Budgeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Performance Budgeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Planning, Programming, and BudgetingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesa specific dog and saying, This is what I mean. A definition by pointing is an ostensive definition. Ostensive definitions are a kind of definition by example. If I define physical science as something like geology, chemistry, astronomy, or physics, I am giving a definition by example. Dictionaries cannot use ostensive definitions, but occasionally they do use definitions by example. A dictionary definition is called a lexical definition because dictionaries are called lexicons. Here is anRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessuccessful in business, or in life. Many of these books have made it to the best-seller lists and have enjoyed lengthy stays. Our intention in this book is not to try to duplicate the popular appeal of the best-selling books nor to utilize the common formula of recounting anecdotal incidents of successful organizations and well-known managers. We have produced a book that remains true to, and is based on, social science and business research. We want to share with you what is known and what is not known

Greek Mythology Essay - 1215 Words

Greek Mythology Mythology was an integral part of the lives of all ancient peoples. The myths of Ancient Greece are the most familiar to us, for they are deeply entrenched in the consciousness of Western civilization. The myths were accounts of the lives of the deities whom the Greeks worshipped. The Greeks had many deities, including 12 principal ones, who lived on Mt. Olympus. The myths are all things to all people – a rollicking good yarn, expressions of deep psychological insights, words of spine-tingling poetic beauty and food for the imagination. They serve a timeless universal need, and have inspired great literature, art and music, providing archetypes through which we can learn much about the deeper motives of human behavior.†¦show more content†¦When Zeus decided to punish men he asked Hephaestus to make a woman. So Hephaestus made Pandora from clay and water, and, as everyone knows, she had a box, from which sprang all the evils afflicting humankind. Apart fro one misdemeanor, Hephaestus character seems to have been exemplary. During the Trojan War Athena asked the god to make her a new suit of armor. Poseidon, on hearing this, teased Hephaestus by saying that when Athena came to his forge she would expect him to make mad passionate love to her. As Athena wrested herself from the eager Hephaestus, he ejaculated against her thigh. She removed his seed with wool and threw it away, and Gaea, who happened to pass by, was inadvertently fertilized. When Gaeas unwanted offspring was born, Athena brought him up, and he eventually became King Erichthonius of Athens. Apollo, god of the sun, and Artemis, goddess of the moon, were the twins of Leto and Zeus. Many qualities were attributed to Apollo, for the Ancient Greeks believed that the sun not only gave physical light, but that its light was symbolic of mental illumination. Apollo was also worshipped as the god of music and song, which the ancients believed were only heard where there was light and security. Artemis was worshipped as the goddess of childbirth and protector of children; yet, paradoxically, she asked Zeus if he would grant her eternal virginity. She was also the protector of suckling animals, but loved to hunt stags! Hermes wasShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology : Greek And Roman Mythology885 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues of a culture. (Rosenberg) With Greek and Roman Mythology we learn or are introduced to the idea of how the universe is formed, we learn about love and of course we learn about tragedy. Greek and Roman mythology has a strong influence on our culture today. The Greek c ulture affects our everyday way of life. They created democracy, the alphabet, libraries, the Olympics, math, science, architecture, and even lighthouses. (Unknown) Greek and Roman mythology go hand in hand with gods and heroesRead MoreGreek Mythology And The Mythology1154 Words   |  5 Pagesand lessons of Greek mythology have shaped art and literature for thousands of years. Later Greek writers and artists used and elaborated upon these sources in their own work. Did you know that in ancient Greece, stories about gods and goddesses and heroes and monsters were an important part of everyday life. They explained everything from rituals to the weather, and they gave meaning to the world people saw around them. Many consumer products get their names from Greek mythology. For example sportsRead MoreGreek Mythology And The Mythology850 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on which part of the world an individual is in. The Greeks and Romans are both very polytheistic civilizations. They be lieve in a multitude of gods and creatures, and they have gods for fertility, elements, war, medicine, and a multitude of others. The mythology of these two cultures is exceedingly similar, although for those looking for a more interesting view on the subject, Greek mythology is far superior to Roman mythology. The time period in which mythological tales were told beganRead MoreMythology In Greek Mythology879 Words   |  4 Pages Greek mythology is commonly mistaken by those unfamiliar with it as a religious subject. Instead, they are a set of stories about Greek gods, goddesses, heroes, and heroines that serve to entertain and give an explanation of how the world came to be. It’s apparent that the world wasn’t like the way it is currently from the beginning, but the myths do give us an idea of how things were like. As Edith Hamilton once said, â€Å" But what the myths show is how high they had risen above the ancient filthRead MoreThe Mythology Of Greek Mythology978 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different types of different creatures of Greek Mythology. There are Centaurs, Minotaur, Pegasus, Sirens, Medusa, and many more. These creatures can either be helpful to the Gods and Goddesses or they can work against them. Some of the creatures’ stories even intertwine with the stories of the Gods and Goddesses of Greek mythology. I will concentrate on the following creatures: Centaurs, Pegasus, Sirens, and Medusa. My favorite creatures out of all of these are the Sirens, becauseRead MoreMythology : Ancient Greek Mythology1527 Words   |  7 PagesMythology is a vast collection of made up/fake stories told during the Ancient Greek era. That is what we are told at young age growing up learning about Greek Gods and Goddesses like Zeus and Hercules. But actually the mythology comes from the word myth which is a Greek word for speech or discourse, but later adapted the meaning of fable or legend (Doyle, 2015).The traditional stories, poems, literature, and art have been passed down for years. The stories about Gods and Goddesses, heroes, and monstersRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 PagesGreek  Mythology   I   INTRODUCTION   Temple  of  Apollo  at  Didyma   The  Greeks  built  the  Temple  of  Apollo  at  Didyma,  Turkey  (about  300  bc).  The  temple  supposedly  housed  an  oracle   who  foretold  the  future  to  those  seeking  knowledge.  The  predictions  of  the  oracles,  delivered  in  the  form  of  riddles,   often  brought  unexpected  results  to  the  seeker.  With  Ionic  columns  reaching  19.5  m  (64  ft)  high,  these  ruins   suggest  the  former  grandeur  of  the  ancient  temple.   Bernard  Cox/Bridgeman  Art  Library,  London/New  York   Read MoreThe Greek Mythology1084 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greek mythology is somewhat different from the common modern way of thinking. Ancient Greek mythology will mostly base its acceptance of actions on the laws of the god’s, while modern society mostly bases its acceptance off of soc ial affairs or the people around them. Even though twentieth century readers might have a different way of thinking than ancient Greek’s, the essence of describing a character in literature remains constant. Throughout the semester, many of the ancient literary worksRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Mythology1630 Words   |  7 PagesGreek mythology denotes to the myths of the early Greeks, Greece gods, and mythical creatures. While pertaining to these legends and myths includes; to their Gods, the nature and heroes, tales of clashes, and of their adventures. It is also a brief on the origin and connotation of their cult, and the innumerable practices that remained shadowed by them. Myth is defined as; a traditional, typically historic story pertaining to mystic beings, descendants, or heroes that serve an essential kind in theRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Greeks1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ancient Greeks believed in many gods and heroes during their time. Each one h ad a sole purpose in a mortal’s lifetime. Greek mythology had a huge impact on religion in Ancient Greece. The Greeks performed rituals in order to honor their gods. Mythology affected the Ancient Greeks in many ways. The origins of mythology, the influences of mythology through a human’s lifetime and lessons taught in the ancient myths will be examined. Why Greek mythology was created Greek mythology was created

Instructional Strategies MDT Company

Question: Discuss about theInstructional Strategiesfor MDT Company. Answer: Introduction Instructional design program is used by the trainers to providing training to personnel helps in occurrence of interactive participation of the learners during the program. This helps them to remember the information in an effective manner (Archer Hughes, 2011). This report emphasizes on the analysis of the instructional design and strategies used by the MDT company to provide training to sales managers across Asia related to the new product named as V-LOC a suture. This facilitates sales people to convince customers to buy the product. Analysis of the Instructional Design An instructional design plan is formulated by the companies in Asia to provide appropriate training to a group of learners consists of sales manager across Asia. The main purpose of instructional framework is to provide coherent understanding of the training session to sales managers who provide training to their subordinates. The instructional design consists of various steps that would be implemented to provide training to sales managers in the train the trainer workshop in Singapore. The different steps involved in the instructional training include analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate. In the analyze step, there will be an analysis of the attributes and goals of the trainers. For providing effective training to the trainers there is a need to analyze the key characteristics and drawbacks of the learners. This facilitates in gaining knowledge to conduct the training program in an effective manner. This also helps in the understanding of the existing attributes of the l earners support the training procedures in an effective manner (Gagne, 2013). After gaining information on the attributes of the learners and their support to the training procedures, the next step is to design the instructional training program in two broad steps i.e. the formation of the learning objectives and the desired outcome of the training program. It is essential for the trainer to collect different resources such as learning material for the purpose of providing learning to the trainers in an effective manner. The objectives of the trainer can be achieved by constructing or enabling a learning atmosphere by the trainers. After this, the trainer implements the training program in order to fulfill the objectives of the trainers. Without the implementation of the training program, the objectives cannot be achieved in a proper manner (Schwager, 2012). Under this step feedback is received from the learners on the basis of which, the learners are shifted to new training lessons. At last, the training program is evaluated on the basis of different factors such as difficulties faced by the learners and their reaction towards the training program. This facilitates in gaining information related to the outcome of the training program is fruitful or not. It is essential for the trainers to create different instructions for different learners as they differ from each other in terms of their learning needs at three levels i.e. capabilities of learners, job or task and organization. There is an occurrence of variations in the skill set and background of the sales managers (Sternberg Davidson, 2005). It is essential for the trainers to identify some characteristics which are common among the learners in order to increase the effectiveness of the training program. There is an existence of variation in the analytical skills of the learners along with the language barriers as the language used is not the mother tongue of the learners. Besides this, the learners are motivated and interested in learning and gaining information related to the new product as this information will be passed or shared with customers which in turn results in increasing the sales and profits of the company. Along with this, some of the learners find difficulty in memorizing the specifications and components of the new product. In addition to this, the learners or the sales people have a belief that the new product named V-LOC will results in improving the life of surgeons and patients which motivate them to attend the workshop (Morrison, et al. 2010). In addition to this, there is an occurrence of meetings in which strategic planning sessions are carried out and views and opinions of different sales person is shared among themselves which helps in enhancing the knowledge base of the sales people (Zimmerman Schunk, 2014). Critical Justification of the Strategies The strategies adopted by the MDT to train the sales people regarding V-LOC product is categorize in four strategies namely concept, attitudes, cognitive strategies and verbal information. It is essential for the trainers to provide information related to the products offered by competitors and different activities pursued by the competitors. Along with this, the information related to the product and market situation is also shared with the learners by the way of lecture as it helps in motivating the learners to attend the workshop as they analyze that they will be benefitted by the training program organized by the company (Reigeluth Chellman, 2009). This also facilitates them to gain information related to the importance of the workshop to them. This strategy is useful as it provides information related to different types of sutures used in different markets. This facilitates learners to make comparison between the sutures used in different countries with the new suture named as V-LOC introduced by the company in terms of quality, features, benefits and prices. Besides this, this strategy also facilitates in providing information about the new product in terms of its features, and benefits. This help the sales person to persuade surgeons to use the product which results in increasing the sales revenue of the company. It is essential for the sales people to express their views and opinions related to the product to customers (Palloff Pratt, 2011). For this purpose, mnemonics will be used that helps the learners to remember the key features and benefits of the product. The sales people have to remember a large amount of information and data which is communicated to the customer for the purpose of convincing them to purchase the product. Therefore mnemonics is an effective strategy to be implemented by the trainers so that learners can remember the vital information related to the product in an effective manner. Another strategy that is adopted by the trainers is scripted role play which helps in building confidence in the sales persons to provide information related to the product to customers (Laurence Matthews, 2012). This strategy help learners to increase their willingness to acquire knowledge related to the new product. The role play is scripted because it help learners to observe the way of the trainer in providing information to the customers in an effective manner. It help the learner to analyze the behavior to be maintained by the sales people in front of the customer while providing information related to V-LOC to the customer. In addition to this, in order to boost the morale of the learners and handling and overcoming the problems faced by the learners is done by conducting frequently asked questions session. These sessions facilitates in resolving the doubts and increase the confidence level of the learners. This method also helps in increasing the learning, recalling and thinking power of the learners (Clark, 2011). This strategy is useful as the learners have various doubts misconceptions and questions which can be resolved by the trainer after providing training to the sales people. Under this strategy, the learners are provided with 20 minutes to ask their questions so that they can convince the customers to buy the product by providing them the information related to the specifications and features of the product which cannot be provided by its competitors. This facilitates in increasing the willingness of the customers to pay premium price for the product which results in an increase in the sales revenue of the company. These strategies are supplantive in nature (Karahan, et al. 2014). But the use of generative strategies help managers to gather information and skills related to the new product on their own as it facilitates in occurrence of the learning among the learners in a natural manner. In these strategies, the learners have an interest to learn new information and the trainer play a role of facilitator. The strategy that can be used to provide information related to the new product is through demonstration. The learners can observe the method through which the V-LOC can be applied to the patients by the surgeons, the sales managers are also excited to gather knowledge regarding the new product as it facilitates in increasing the sales revenue of the company. This strategy also facilitates in engaging learners to share their views and opinions with other sales person which results in continuous learning in the organization (Khan, 2001). In this strategy, it is requisite to gain attention of the sales person in order to provide training to them related to a new product launched by the company. The sales people are highly motivated to gain knowledge regarding the new product as there is a use of new technology in the product which results in attracting large number of customers and aids in increasing the sales and profits of the company. After motivating the employees, there is a need of providing the overview of the training program to the sales persons. It is also essential for the trainers to provide demonstration of the working and benefits of the new product to the sales people (Konschak, 2003). This facilitates in providing all the relevant information regarding the product to the sales people which is used by them for the purpose of convincing the customers. In addition to this, there is also a necessity to supervise the activities of the sales people by the sales manager by going with them to the customers to convince them to purchase and use the product. In this way, the activities performed by the sales people are evaluated for the purpose of evaluation of the effectiveness of the training program (American Society for Training and Develo, 2006). There is a necessity to make a balance between supplantive and generative strategies as it facilitates in providing effective training to the learners. The adoption of these strategies helps in providing in-depth knowledge of the product to the learners so that they can communicate the information related to the features and benefits to the customers that are unique and differentiate it from the competitors (Romiszowski, 2016). Critical Justification of Instructional Event The goal of the instructional event is to provide training to the sales people across Asia related to the new product launched by MDT named V-LOC. Besides this, there are various objectives of the instructional event such as Provision of the information related to the features of the product Investigation of the benefits of the use of the V-LOC product by the surgeons The different strategies used for the purpose of providing training include lectures, mnemonics, role play and frequently asked questions. The different assessment options include the sales of the product to customers, increase in the number of customers, increase in the demand for the products. These strategies facilitates in providing in-depth knowledge of the product to sales people. Such strategies are useful as it help learners to remember large data and information that can be provided to customers in order to persuade them to purchase the product. Provision of the training program related to the new product helps in gaining attention of the learners towards the training program (Jol, 2012). When sales people get to know that the training program emphasizes on the new product that have been launched by the company which results in an increase in the sales revenue, they are highly motivated to attend the training program. In order to provide information related to the market trends of suture product, the products offered by its competitors, and comparison of the features and benefits of the product with the products offered by the competitors is given by the use of lectures and mnemonics. In addition to this, along with the lecture, there is also a necessity of the use of visuals and the information in the form of tables and figures results in remembering the information in an effective manner (Biech, 2011). Lecture is an effective strategy as it helps in providing information related to intrinsic interest of a subject in an enthusiastic manner. This strategy helps in providing information to large number of learners. These are appealing to those learners who learn through listening. It helps in providing large amount of information to the learners. This strategy also helps in providing information related to different questions and problems faced by the learners. The use of mnemonics helps in recalling the information provided by the trainers in an effective manner. In this strategy, the information is provided by the use of pictorial representation of the information such as graphs, tables, videos and so on (Reigeluth, 2013). Along with this, the other strategy used for providing information related to the new product is the role playing. This strategy demonstrated the skills required to communicate the information related to the new product to its potential customers. These help learners to have a look towards convincing the customer to buy the product. In addition to this, the learners or the sales people can also use their communication style to convince the customers in an effective manner. Besides this, at the end of the training session, adequate time is given to the learners to clarify their doubts and problems they think they face while providing information to its customers. There is an existence of a positive relationship between the instructional event and the strategies adopted to provide information to the learners. The training program has a timeline of 2 months (Bean, 2014). In this training program, there is also a use of on the job training as it facilitates in evaluating the success of the training program provided to learners. The training program is considered successful if there is an increase in the number of customers of the company to purchase the V-LOC suture. Besides this, this product is becoming more profitable and there is an increase in the sales of the product in the market. This indicates that sales people are successful in convincing its customers to purchase the product. For the purpose of effective implementation of instructional training program, there is a requirement of various resources such as projector, training manuals which is distributed to sales managers and information regarding the working of the product. Conclusion It can be concluded that the MDT has launched a new product named V-LOC for which the training is provided to the sales managers across Asia. This is because, it is made by the use of new technology which is helpful for the surgeons in the operation theater. This training is provided to the sales managers to provide them information related to the features, benefits and market scenario so that sales manager can provide answers to different questions raised by the customers in order to achieve high level of customer satisfaction. For the provision of training different strategies are adopted by the trainers such as lectures, mnemonics, role play and frequently asked questions so that the information provided is retained by the sales people in an effective manner. This is essential as it helps them to provide useful information to the customers in order to increase the sales and profits of the company. References American Society for Training and Develo. (2006). Instructional Systems Development. American Society for Training and Development. Archer, A.L. Hughes, C.A. (2011). Explicit Instruction: Effective and Efficient Teaching. Guilford Press. Bean, C. (2014). The Accidental Instructional Designer: Learning Design for the Digital Age. American Society for Training and Development. Biech, E. (2011). Training For Dummies. John Wiley Sons. Clark, R.C. (2011). Developing Technical Training: A Structured Approach for Developing Classroom and Computer-based Instructional Materials. John Wiley Sons. Gagne, R.M. (2013). Instructional Technology: Foundations. Routledge. Jol, L. (2012). Technology as a Tool for Diversity Leadership: Implementation and Future Implications: Implementation and Future Implications. IGI Global. Karahan, M. et al. (2014). Effective Training of Arthroscopic Skills. Springer. Khan, B.H. (2001). Web-based Training. Educational Technology. Konschak, P.E. (2003). An Evaluation of Computer Based Training for Police Radar Operators. Universal-Publishers. Laurence, J.H. Matthews, M.D. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Military Psychology. Oxford University Press, USA. Morrison, G.R. et al. (2010). Designing Effective Instruction. John Wiley Sons. Palloff, R.M. Pratt, K. (2011). The Excellent Online Instructor: Strategies for Professional Development. John Wiley Sons. Reigeluth, C.M. Chellman, A.A.C. (2009). Instructional-Design Theories and Models, Volume III: Building a Common Knowledge Base. Routledge. Reigeluth, C.M. (2013). Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current Status. Routledge. Romiszowski, A. J. (2016). Designing Instructional Systems: Decision Making in Course Planning and Curriculum Design. Routledge. Schwager, J.D. (2012). Hedge Fund Market Wizards: How Winning Traders Win. John Wiley Sons. Sharpe, C. (2007). Write Better Behavioral Objectives. American Society for Training and Development. Sternberg, R.J. Davidson, J.E. (2005). Conceptions of Giftedness. Cambridge University Press. Zimmerman, B.J. Schunk, D.H. (2014). Educational Psychology: A Century of Contributions: A Project of Division 15 (educational Psychology) of the American Psychological Society. Routledge.